Here, we assembled a group of experts from academia, industry, and the community (Box 1) to evaluate recent progress and to outline cure-related research priorities for the next 5 years.
Since then, significant progress has been made, and the overall agenda has evolved. In 20, the IAS convened expert working groups to outline a strategy for developing an effective and scalable cure 6, 7.
The minimal and optimal criteria for an acceptable target product profile for an HIV cure, including the duration and level of virus control off ART, has recently been developed and published by the International AIDS Society (IAS), following wide consultation with multiple stakeholders 5. Eradication is the complete removal of intact and rebound-competent virus. Here, we define the term remission as durable control of virus in the absence of any ongoing ART. Since then, there has been a second case report of a cure following bone-marrow transplantation 2 as well as evidence of persistence of only defective forms of the virus in certain patients 3 and enhanced immune control of the virus by others after only a short time on ART 4-further supporting the notion that a cure for HIV can be achieved.Īn HIV cure includes both remission and eradication. On the basis of this inspiring development and the recognition that not everyone can access and/or adhere indefinitely to antiretroviral therapy (ART), a global consensus emerged approximately 10 years ago that a curative intervention was a high priority for people with HIV and would be necessary to bring an end to the HIV pandemic. However, there is evidence that a cure can be achieved initially, this came from a single case study (Timothy Brown, a man living with HIV who became widely known as the ‘Berlin patient’) following bone-marrow transplantation from a donor who was naturally resistant to HIV 1. Modern antiretroviral regimens can effectively block HIV replication in people with HIV for decades, but these therapies are not curative and must be taken for life.
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